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Phoenix Iron Works
| Name | Phoenix Iron Works |
| Ortssitz | Phoenixville (Pennsylvania) |
| Straße | Bridge Street |
| Art des Unternehmens | Eisenwerk |
| Anmerkungen | Eigentümer (1876/96): Phoenix Iron Co. (s.d.), Verwaltung: Philadelphia, 410 Walnut Street. Lage: Bridge Street, Puddler's Row und Canal (French Creek). Siehe auch deren "Upper Works". 1876: Three anthrazite stacks, 48 x 14, 36 x 15, and 50 x 14; two built in 1845, and the third in 1849. Betrieben mit Schuylkill Valley-Anthrazit. Rolling mill built in 1808; 20 double and 8 single puddling furnaces, 23 heating furnaces, and 5 trains of rolls (one 9, one 12, one 16, and two 18-inch); product, bar iron, beams, angles, tee iron and other shapes; annual capacity, 25.000 net tons average yearly production, 20.000 tons. The Company is building a new mill, of greater capacity than the old one. Mit Dampf- und Wasserkraft (keine Detailangaben). |
| Quellenangaben | [Wigley: American iron trade manual (1874) 153] [Bishop: History of American manufacturers 3 (1868) 418] [Ironworks of the United States (1876) 79+19] |
| Hinweise | [Hexamer General Surveys, Plates 773+774+1367-1368+2206-2207 (1874+1879+1888)] [Directory to the iron and steel works of the U.S. (1896) 13] |
| Zeit |
Ereignis |
| 03.05.1783 |
Inbetriebnahme des alten Walzwerks |
| 1790 |
Benjamin Longstreth gründet die "French Creek Nail Works", die erste Nagelfabrik in den USA. |
| 1808 |
Bau des Walzwerks |
| 1809 |
Die ersten maschinell gefertigten Nägel werden hergestellt. |
| 1813 |
Lewis Wernwag investiert in die Nagelfabrik und benennt sie in "Phoenix Iron Works" um |
| 1824 |
Die FAbrik ist die größte Nagelfabrik in den USA |
| 1827 |
Nagelfabrik und Walzwerk gelangen in den Besitz von Reeves und Whitaker, und während der Zeit ihrer Eigentümerschaft wird ein Walzwerk an der Stelle der späteren North Mill errichtet. |
| 1827 |
Das Werk benötigt neues Kapital, und die Brüder David und Benjamin Reeves zusammen mit James und Joseph Whitaker investieren Kapital und benennen das Unternehmen in "Reeves & Whitaker" um. |
| 1838 |
Bau des ersten Holzkohlen-Hochofens |
| 1841 |
Der Holzkohlen-Hochofen wird in einen Anthrazit-Ofen umgebaut. Es ist einer der ersten Versuchs-Anthrazithochöfen. |
| 1845 |
Bau der ersten zwei Hochöfen: Nr. 1 (59 x 15 ft.) und Nr. 2 (58 3/4 x 15 ft.) |
| 1846 |
"Reeves, Buck & Co." werden Eigentümer der "Phoenix Iron Works". In dieser Zeit werden viele Verbesserungen durchgeführt. |
| 1846 |
Bau des Schienenwalzwerks |
| 1846 |
Umbenennung in "Reeves, Buck & Company", mit frischem Kapital von Robert S. Buck aus Bridgeton |
| 1847 |
Die Nagelfabrik brennt nieder. An deren Stelle wird eine große Maschinenwerkstätte gebaut, die später der "Phoenix Iron Company" gehört. |
| 1849 |
Bau des Hochofens Nr. 3 (59 x 15 ft.) |
| 1855 |
Die Firma "Reeves, Buck & Co." wird als "The Phoenix Iron Company" eingetragen. |
| 1855 |
Das Unternehmen wird in "Phoenix Iron Company" umorganisiert, mit David Reeves, dem Gründer, als Präsident und seinem Sohn Samuel als Vizepräsident und Finanzleiter. |
| 1862 |
Die "Phoenix Column", eine runde, hohle Eisensäule aus zusammengenieteten Segmenten, kommt heraus. |
| 1871 |
Umbau der Hochöfen 1 und 2 |
| 1890 |
Umbau des Hochofens 3 |
| 1949 |
Umbenennung in "Phoenix Iron and Steel Company" |
| 1955 |
Umbenennung aus "Phoenix Iron and Steel Company" in "Phoenix Steel Corporation" |
| 1955 |
Umbenennung aus "Phoenix Iron and Steel Company" in "Phoenix Steel Corporation" |
| 1987 |
Schließung |
| Produkt |
ab |
Bem. |
bis |
Bem. |
Kommentar |
| Dampfmaschinen |
1865 |
Katalog |
1914 |
Katalog |
Unsicher, ob in Phialdelphia, Phoenixville oder Meadville gebaut |
| Nägel |
1790 |
Beginn als "Franch Creek Nail Works" |
1848 |
Ende nach Brand |
Um 1830 eine der größen in den USA |
| Roheisen |
1845 |
Beginn (erste Hochöfen) |
1896 |
in Betrieb |
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| Walzprofile |
1876 |
[Ironworks of U.S. (1876)] |
1876 |
[Ironworks of U.S. (1876)] |
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| Zeit |
gesamt |
Arbeiter |
Angest. |
Lehrl. |
männl. |
weibl. |
Kommentar |
| 1874 |
800 |
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| 1879 |
800 |
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|
|
|
|
|
| 1888 |
1700 |
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1700 - 2100 Arbeiter (durchschnittlich 1800 Arbeiter; manchmal arbeitet das Werk Tag und Nacht) |
Zeit = 1: Zeitpunkt unbekannt
| Zeit |
Bezug |
Abfolge |
andere Firma |
Kommentar |
| 1876 |
Nebenwerk |
zuvor |
Phoenix Iron Co. |
Stand: 1876 |
| ZEIT | 1868 |
| THEMA | Firmenbeschreibung |
| TEXT | One of the oldest and largest establishments for manufacturing iron in the United States. The works originally consisted of a Rolling-mill and Nail Factory, the power for driving which was derived from the damming of French Creek, just above the present foundry, the old site of the Rolling-mill, and date their operations as far back as May 3, 1783. In the year 1827, they came into the possession of Reeves and Whitaker, and during the period of their ownership a new Rolling-mill was built on the site of the present North Mill, and puddling introduced as a process in the manufacture of iron. The old Rolling-mill was pulled down, and on its site a charcoal furnace was built in 1838, which again, in 1841, was converted into an Anthracite furnace. This was one of the earliest of the experimental Anthracite furnaces which marked the era of the introduction of Anthracite coal as a fuel in the process of smelting iron. The nail factory of the firm was burned down in 1847, and on its site was erected one of the extensive machine shops now belonging to the Phoenix Iron Company. In the year 1846, Reeves, Buck & Co. became proprietors of the Phoenix Iron Works, and, during their proprietorship, very extensive improvements were made. They built, in 1846, the present Rail mill, the dimensions of which are two hundred and sixty feet by one hundred and sixty feet. Also, a new puddling and re-heating mill, one hundred and eighty-five feet by one hundred and ninety-two feet, with a wing thirty-two feet by one hundred and thirty feet. Besides these, they erected new Smith shops, Pattern shops, Foundry, machine shop, offices, and warehouses. The offices, pattern and drawing rooms of the company are probably the most complete of any in the country, and cost, we understand, $26.000. In 1855, the firm of Reeves, Buck & Co. procured an Act cf the Legislatiire incorporating them as The Phoenix Iron Company, and under this name the present extensive operations of the Works are managed. During the last four years, the Company have spent a large sum of money in remodelling and readjusting their Works, and in increasing their capacity, which, at this time, amounts to twenty thousand tons of railroad iron and fifteen thousand tons of bar iron, iron beams and girders, angle iron, wrought-iron columns, rolled railroad chairs and spikes, axles, and many other shapes. Rounds have been turned out of the Merchant Mill of twelve inches in diameter, and squares up to eight faches by twenty-five feet long. During the late Rebellion, thirteen hundred wrought-iron guns were made at these Works. This establishment produces a greater variety of work than any other in the country. In addition to their regular business of manufacturing iron, the Company have lately erected a very extensive machine shop, specially appropriated to framing, iron rafters, flooring, and bridge work. This building is two hundred and six feet by ninety feet, and is filled with tools and machinery of the latest improved styles suited to the business. The manufacturing of wrought-iron columns and beams for fireproof structures has become one of their great specialities, and the framing for the roofs and floors of the new buildings lately erected by the United States Government, at the Frankford and Alleghany Arsenals, which are entirely fire-proof, was all made at the Phoenix Iron Works. This Company also possess three Blast furnaces, capable of turning out about twenty-three thousand tons of pig-iron per annum. The mills contain twenty-four heating and twenty-two double and twelve single puddling furnaces. The officers of the Company are as follows : David Reeves, President, Phoenixville; Samuel J. Reeves, Vice President and Treasurer, Philadelphia; Robert B. Aertsen, Secretary, Philadelphia; George H. Sellers, General Superintendent, Phoenixville; George Walters, Engineer, Phoenixville. |
| QUELLE | [Bishop: History of American manufacturers 3 (1868) 418] |
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| ZEIT | 1896 |
| THEMA | Beschreibung |
| TEXT | Three stacks: No. 1, 59 x 15, built in 1845, and rebuilt in 1871; No. 2, 58 3/4 x 15, built in 1845, and rebuilt in 1871; No. 3, 59 x 15, built in 1849, and rebuilt in 1890; cast iron stoves; fuel, anthracite coal and coke; ores, magnetic and hematite, from Berks and Chester counties, and New Jersey and foreign; specialty, gray forge pig iron; total annual capacity, 41,000 gross tons. Brand: "Phoenix." See Rolling Mills and Steel Works. |
| QUELLE | [Directory to the iron and steel works of the U.S. (1896) 13] |
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