|
|
J. L. Mott Iron Works
| Name | J. L. Mott Iron Works |
| Ortssitz | New York City |
| Straße | Beekman Street 90 |
| Art des Unternehmens | Eisenwarenfabrik |
| Anmerkungen | 1868: Jordan L. Mott als Gießerei-Unternehmer. |
| Quellenangaben | [Wiley: American iron trade manual (1874) 99] [Bishop: History of American manufacturers 2 (1868) 576] |
| Zeit |
Ereignis |
| 10.1798 |
Geburt von Jordan L. Mott |
| Produkt |
ab |
Bem. |
bis |
Bem. |
Kommentar |
| Öfen/Herde |
1874 |
[Wiley: American iron trade (1874)] |
1874 |
[Wiley: American iron trade (1874)] |
Vorgabe: Stoves |
| Zeit |
Objekt |
Anz. |
Betriebsteil |
Hersteller |
Kennwert |
Wert |
[...] |
Beschreibung |
Verwendung |
| ab Mai 1891 |
Dampfkessel |
2 |
|
Babcock & Wilcox Co. |
Heizfläche ges. |
334 |
qm |
Wasserrohrkessel |
|
| ZEIT | 1868 |
| THEMA | Firmenbeschreibung |
| TEXT | Whose name appears on the records of the Patent Office more frequently than any other inventor, generally in connection with improvements in stoves, was born October, 1798. His ancestors, both paternal and maternal, came from England, and settled on Long Island as early as 1637. Mr. Mott is entitled to very great credit for the successful introduction of Anthracite coal. In 1820 but three hundred and sixty-five tons of this coal were mined, and even then it was deemed almost impossible to make a fire with it. The late Professor Hare, of Philadelphia, once said it would be as useless for fuel as paving stones, on account of the difficulty of ignition. Mr. Mott concluded that the difficulty consisted in using too large lumps, and reasoned that as it was necessary to use small wood to make a quick and lively fire, a like result might be produced with small coal. His experiments led to the theory, that to obtain the best results from anthracite coal, the depth of the stratum of coal on the grate bars must be governed by the size of the lumps, and the amount or volume of air used in its combustion - that for domestic purposes, small nut-sized coal only could be made available, and that in small fire chambers. In close stoves or furnaces with ordinary draft, whether for domestic use or for generating steam for mechanical purposes, the depth of coal upon the grate bars should be : for pea size, about three to three and one half inches; for nut size, from four to six inches; for egg size, from seven to eight inches - increasing the depth for larger lumps of coal. With this depth, the gaseous product is carbonic acid, and the result the best combustion. With a less depth on the grate to a like amount of air, the coal cools out, leaving the grate covered with unburnt coal, the outside burnt to a cinder, the inside unaffected by combustion. With an increased quantity of coal, the carbonic acid gas, in passing through the enlarged upper increased depth, takes up more carbon, and is converted into carbonic oxide gas, which burns with a renewed supply of oxygen, as witnessed in the blue flame on the top of a steamer's smoke-pipe when using too great a quantity of coal, and wastes a large amount of heat. All intelligent engineers know the importance of a thin, clean fire. Mr. Mott invented a Stove to burn small coal, expressly designed for the great mass of the community, but found great difficulty in persuading people to adopt it. He had also to contend with the prejudice of founders, as they would not manufacture from his patterns, and he was compelled to manufacture for himself or abandon the invention. At that period, the dealers of the State of New York, and of all New England, resorted to the blast furnaces of New Jersey and Pennsylvania for their stove plates, under the universally erroneous idea that stove plates must be made directly from the ore; that plates made at a second melting would break. For a brief period Mr. Mott procured his plates as others did, but when the blast furnace men advanced their prices Mr. Mott resolved to erect a cupola furnace for the manufacture of his stove. He believed that the cause of cupola plates breaking was due partly to inferior metal, such as country founders used in making ploughshares and road scrapers; but more to the flat form of plate, which would not yield to the strain of expansion. Heat a flat plate of glass unequally, and the strain will cause it to break; bend or curve that plate, and heat will merely quicken the curve. So with iron. Mr. Mott made his plate patterns from edge to edge longer than a straight line," by pannelling, curving, fluting, or other device. A month's trial with half a dozen stoves of his own make, with fire of every possible description, convinced him that his reasoning was correct, and that the coarse, rough, heavy plates of the blast furnace would soon give place to the beautiful, smooth, light plate of the cupola. His operations gained the attention of iron men, and before the close of the year cupola furnaces began to be erected, and soon spread over the cities and villages of the Union. No branch of manufacture has so much improved within the United States as that of fine light castings, since Mr. Mott erected his first cupola, then the only one expressly devoted to making stove castings. The area of the moulding floor of his first workshop was less than sixteen hundred feet, while the moulding floor of his present Works at Mott Haven, Westchester county, New York, exceeds forty thousand feet. At these Works, bathing tubs six feet long, including flanges, two feet wide, and twenty-two inches deep, have been cast, weighing, without feet, less than one hundred and sixty pounds; believed to be, for extent of surface, the lightest castings ever made in Europe or America. Before the invention of the stove for burning small or refuse coal, an immense heap of refuse, from the several yards on the Schuylkill, had accumulated at what is now known as West Philadelphia. This mass of refuse coal was purchased in 1835 by Mr. Mott, who had it screened and shipped to the city of New York. This was the first movement that gave value to the small sizes of coal. In that year he patented a stove with the following claim, viz.: "forming the exterior or shell of furnaces, or fireplaces for stoves of various kinds, the bodies of gas retorts and other apparatus, which are to be exposed to great alternations of temperature by the combination of separate rings, rims, or frames of metal, by which meane any difference of expansion in the respective parts may take place without the danger of breaking." Mr. Mott's first foundry was located about one mile below Tarrytown, on the banks of the Hudson. It was the first landing above Sunnyside, the residence of Washington Irving, and in compliment to him the village was called Irving, and the foundry "The Irving Iron Foundry ;" but on account of difficulty in obtaining title, Mr. Mott removed his Works to Morrisania, adjoining the Harlem Bridge, being the nearest point to any part of the city of New York below 132d Street, and the only point toward which' city improvements could approach. To this place the lot owners and inhabitants. have, in compliment to Mr. Mott, given the name of "Mott Haven." At the time of his purchase, about three thousand five hundred acres of land belonged to the cousins of one family. His deed was the first conveyance to any person outside of the family subsequent to 1668, the date of the purchase of the original manor by their ancestors. For several years there were but thirteen tax-payers on the assessment roll for this manor. Since 1846, Mr. Mott has purchased for himself, or as agent for others, about four hundred acres of these lands, on which, at this time, dwell a population of over twelve thousand, mostly families owning or occupying small parcels. Besides "The J. L. Mott Iron Works," the Montaux Iron and Steel Works, manufacturing steel directly from the ore, by a process invented by Joseph Yates - also the American Danamora Iron Works, and others - are located at Mott Haven. |
| QUELLE | [Bishop: History of American manufacturers 2 (1868) 576] |
|
