Wayne Furnace

Allgemeines

NameWayne Furnace
OrtssitzWayne Furnace (USA)
Art des UnternehmensHochofenwerk
AnmerkungenEigentümer: Gaylord Iron and Pipe Co. One charcoal stack, 42 x 11, built in 1856; hot blast. Gaylord Iron and Pipe Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio. G. W. Boyd, Superintendent.
Quellenangaben[Ironworks of the United States (1876) 42]




Unternehmensgeschichte

Zeit Ereignis
1835 Bau eines Holzkohle-Hochofens mit kaltem Blaswind am Fourty-Eight Creek. Man verwendet das Hämatit-Erz, das von Erzlagerstätten im Umkreis von ca. 200 m.
1836 Die "Rogal Ferguson & Company" baut die Mount Jasper Furnace und beginnt eine Schmiede.
1838 Die Harrison Forge im Eigentum von Rogal Ferguson und anderen wird vollendet.
1842 Eigentümer: Planter's Bank of Tennessee. Das Werk wird verpachtet.
1846 John W. Walker errichtet Fortyaight No.1 und No. 2 mit Dampfbetrieb. Evtl. ist ein dritter Hochofen vorhanden. - Die Schmiede ist 1850 noch in Betrieb.
1854 Pointer Brothers werden Eigentümer (oder Betreiber?)
1856 Bau des Hochofens
1856 Pointer Brothers bauen um 1856 einen Hochofen auf 42 Fuß aus.
1861/1865 Die Anlage ist während des Sezessionskrieges vmtl. außer Betrieb.
1865 Gaylord and Company bauen den 42-Fuß-Hochofen als "Wayne Furnace" um.
11.1865 Der mehrfach umgebaute Holzkohle-Hochofen von 1835 ist bis November in Betrieb.
1871 Aus "Gaylord & Co" wird die separate Firma "Gaylord Iron and Pipe Company" zum Betrieb der Wayne Furnace gebildet.
1872 Gründung der Stadt "Wayne Furnace"
1875 Einstellung des Hochofens
1880/1889 Die Stadt "Wayne Furnace" wird aufgelöst.
1886 Übernahme der "Gaylord Iron and Pipe Company" durch die "Tennessee Valley Iron and Railroad Co."
1920 Die "Tennessee Valley Iron and Railroad Co." bricht zum Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs zusammen. Nachfolgerin ist die "Tennessee Charcoal Iron Company", welche eine Holzdestillieranlage baut und eine Eisenbahn von Collinwood nach den Erzlagerstätten von Wayne Furnace und Clifton beginnt.
1928 Die "Tennessee Charcoal Iron Company" bricht zusammen. Übernahme durch "Bond Brothers Inc."
1929 Die "Bond Brothers Inc." überführt große Abschnitte von Wayne County in eine Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft, "Wayne Land Company".
1943 Die Grundstücke der "Wayne Land Company" werden ab 1943 auf verschiedene private Eigentümer verteilt.




Produkte

Produkt ab Bem. bis Bem. Kommentar
Roheisen 1876 [Ironworks of U.S. (1876)] 1876 [Ironworks of U.S. (1876)]  




Maschinelle Ausstattung

Zeit Objekt Anz. Betriebsteil Hersteller Kennwert Wert [...] Beschreibung Verwendung
1860 Dampfkraft     unbekannt Leistung   PS    




Personal

Zeit gesamt Arbeiter Angest. Lehrl. männl. weibl. Kommentar
1860 71       66 5  




Produktionszahlen

von bis Produkt im Jahr am Tag Einheit Kommentar
1860 1860 Roheisen 17000   tons Verarbeitet 35.000 tons Erz und 200.000 bushels Holzkohle zu 17.000 tons Roheisen im Wert von $42.000




Firmen-Änderungen, Zusammenschüsse, Teilungen, Beteiligungen


Zeit = 1: Zeitpunkt unbekannt

Zeit Bezug Abfolge andere Firma Kommentar
1876 Nebenwerk zuvor Gaylord Iron and Pipe Co. Stand: 1876




Allgemeines

ZEIT1876
THEMABeschreibung
TEXTEigentümer: Gaylord Iron and Pipe Co. One charcoal stack, 42 x 11, built in 1856; hot blast. Gaylord Iron and Pipe Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio. G. W. Boyd, Superintendent. See Kenton (coke) Furnace, Kentucky. [http://www.weaverassociatesllc.com/wayne_furnace.htm] berichtet über archäologische Untersuchungen.
QUELLE[Ironworks of the United States (1876)]


ZEIT2001-2004
THEMAarchäologische Untersuchungen
TEXTIn the spring of 2001, and again in 2002, Weaver & Associates conducted a Phase 2 archival and archaeological assessment of the Wayne Furnace Site (40WY62), an early- to late-nineteenth century iron plantation located in Wayne County, Tennessee. The work was conducted for TDOT in preparation for the widening of State Route 15 (US Highway 64). In 2004, Weaver & Associates conducted Phase 3 data recovery. Results of the archival research suggests that there were at least four furnace building episodes at the site, beginning ca. 1836-1838 with Rogal Ferguson?s Mount Jasper Furnace. John W. Walker?s furnaces, Fortyeight Nos. 1 and 2 (ca. 1846-1854) were followed by the Pointer Brothers? operation (ca. 1854-1865). The final refit and rebuilding of Wayne Furnace by the Gaylord Company occurred between ca. 1865-1886. At the heart of any early nineteenth century iron works was the cold-blast charcoal furnace. These structures were typically square, with tapering sides, built of limestone blocks or brick. In addition to the furnace stack, iron plantations included a number of other buildings where the ore limestone was crushed, washed, and sifted, and where charcoal was processed and stored. A typical iron plantation included farmland, areas for livestock, housing for the workers and overseers, sawmills, a store, and office. In general, these enterprises were extensive, and required thousands of acres for procuring the raw materials needed to produce iron. From 1840 court records we get a picture of the extent of the operation, which employed at least 48 mules, 10 wagons, an assortment of tools, livestock, and furniture. At least 41 male slaves and three female slaves were working on the plantation. There were about 5000 acres of timbered land attached to the furnace, and about 3000 acres to the forge. In 1854, the production of "Fortyeight" furnace was 2,445 tons of pig iron and castings. Evidently, two stacks were used alternately. The plant ran 12 months out of the year and used a steam-powered blast. Fortyeight Furnace produced more pig iron and casting tonnage in 1854 than any furnace in the state. Archaeological investigations at 40WY62 confirm the presence of intact archaeological deposits and features, including the remains of a limestone furnace stack believed to be associated with the original Mt. Jasper Furnace (ca. 1836-1838), and a larger brick foundation believed to be the Wayne Furnace stack (ca. 1865-1886). Remains of at least one other stack are suggested outside the excavated area. Stratified deposits associated with casting yards were identified and recorded, as were stone foundations from structures located on the charging deck. In addition to these structural remains, investigations in the area surrounding the furnaces located auxiliary structures, work areas, and iron ore mines.
QUELLE[http://www.weaverassociatesllc.com/wayne_furnace.htm]