Howell & Brothers

Allgemeines

NameHowell & Brothers
OrtssitzPhiladelphia (Penns.)
StraßeNineteenth Street
Art des UnternehmensTapetenfabrik
AnmerkungenLage (1868): Nineteenth und Spruce Streets, ferner Eleventh nahe Catharine Street; 1874/89: 21st Street, Washington Avenue und 22nd Street (Nordwest-Ecke). Siehe auch "Howell & Bourke" in der Sansom Street (1875) bzw. 8th Street (1877).
Quellenangaben[Bishop: History of American manufacturers 3 (1868) 72] [Hexamer General Surveys, Plates 806+807+2228-2229 (1874+1889)]




Unternehmensgeschichte

Zeit Ereignis
1790 Gründung um 1790 durch zwei Franzosen Boulu und Charden, in Verbindung mit John Carnes, früher amerikanischer Konsul in Lyon
1793 John B. Howell wandert von London in die Vereinigten Staaten ein.
1813 John B. Howell beginnt die Herstellung von Tapeten in Albany, New York.
1865 Erbaut




Produkte

Produkt ab Bem. bis Bem. Kommentar
Tapeten 1874 [Hexamer Surveys] 1889 [Hexamer Surveys] unsicher, ob auch Papierproduktion
Tapeten 1874 [Hexamer Surveys] 1889 [Hexamer Surveys]  




Betriebene Dampfmaschinen

Bezeichnung Bauzeit Hersteller
Dampfmaschine vor 1874 unbekannt
Dampfmaschine vor 1874 unbekannt




Maschinelle Ausstattung

Zeit Objekt Anz. Betriebsteil Hersteller Kennwert Wert [...] Beschreibung Verwendung
1874 Dampfkessel 8   unbekannt          
1889 Dampfkessel 5   unbekannt          




Personal

Zeit gesamt Arbeiter Angest. Lehrl. männl. weibl. Kommentar
1874 200           50 Männer, 138 Jungen, 12 Mädchen)
1889 200           50 Männer, Rest Jungen




Allgemeines

ZEIT1868
THEMAFirmenbeschreibung
TEXTThe progress which had been made in the manufacture of Paper Hangings, previous to the Revolution, was alluded to in the first volume of this history. The first manufactory in Philadelphia of which we have any account was one established about 1790, by two Frenchmen, named Boulu and Charden, in association with John Carnes, formerly American consul to Lyons, in France. Shortly afterward Mr. William Poyntell embarked in the manufacture. The kind of paper made, however, was of common quality and unglazed; and it was not until the war of 1812 that a superior style of French designs began to be attempted. Glazed grounds were introduced about the year 1824, but the circumstance that contributed more than any other to its improvement, was the introduction of the Fourdrinier machine, of which the first made in the United States was in 1830, by Phelps & Spafford, of Windham, Conn. About the year 1813, John B. Howell, who had come from London to the United States in 1793, and established a manufactory of Paper Hangings in Albany, New York, removed to Philadelphia and commenced the business in that city. The house which he thus founded is now that of Howell & Brothers, one of the largest in the United States, and, it is said, not exceeded by any in Europe. They have two manufactories, one located at Nineteenth and Spruce Streets, 396 feet by 80, four stories high, and a smaller one on Eleventh near Catharine Street. They make about 5000 tons of wall paper per annum, including a fair proportion of velvet, velvet and gold, and satin-surfaced papers. In their manufactories may be seen all the latest modern processes for printing, and machinery for coating and glazing that a few years ago, at least, had not yet been adopted in the English factories. For making the more common descriptions of paper, they employ machines in which the pattern is cut upon a cylindrical block, the process being the same as cylinder printing of any other kind. For the finer descriptions they continue the old style of printing by blocks, in which the outlines of the various tints, having been laved upon a block made of pear-tree, mounted in pine, the blocks are pressed on the sieves of color, and then applied to the paper, each one. following the other on the guide-marks left by the previous impression. The blocks have a strap at the back to receive the workman's hand, and they are pressed down upon the paper by a mallet driven by the foot. The paper is received from the mill in rolls of about 1200 yards long and from 20 to 40 inches wide. The first process is to cover the blank paper with a preparation of chalk which forms a basis upon which the colors rest. In the English factories this is effected by hand; in the best American manufactories it is accomplished by steam. The polishing or glazing which succeeds is also effected by a single machine, composed of a succession of cylinders, operated by steam. The patterns are mostly furnished by the Philadelphia Female School of Design, though the best designs emanating from the schools of France are frequently procured. This firm employ in their manufactories about 200 hands, one third of whom are females. Messrs. Ho well & Brothers have recently taken possession of one of the largest and what is generally regarded as the most elegant store in the city of Philadelphia. It is located at the southwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut Streets, and has a front of marble extending 33 feet on Chestnut Street, and a depth of 235 feet.
QUELLE[Bishop: History of American manufacturers 3 (1868) 72]